Relationships between current and past exercise habits and chronotype and body composition among female university students
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The present cross-sectional study investigated relationships between past and current exercise habits, body composition, and chronotypes in female university students. Physical activity, Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) scores and body composition were assessed in 251 students. Participants were asked about their current exercise habits and in high school habits; each measure was compared among students with consistent exercise habits since high school (EX-EX, n = 84), those with exercise habits only in high school (EX-NO, n = 81), and those without consistent exercise habits since high school (NO-NO, n = 86). The MEQ scores of NO-NO were significantly lower than those of EX-EX and EX-NO, and approximately 40% of NO-NO were of the evening type. However, the MEQ scores were not significantly different between EX-EX and EX-NO. Furthermore, about 51% of NO-NO had body fat ≥30% even with a normal range of body mass index, which was proportionately higher than in the other groups. These results suggest that students who had an exercise habits in high school did not show differences in chronotypes owing to their current exercise habits. However, students without consistent exercise habits since high school may be associated with the late chronotype and higher prevalence of normal weight obesity.
Downloads
Article Details
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Each author warrants that his or her submission to the Work is original and that he or she has full power to enter into this agreement. Neither this Work nor a similar work has been published elsewhere in any language nor shall be submitted for publication elsewhere while under consideration by Journal of Human Sport and Exercise (JHSE). Each author also accepts that the JHSE will not be held legally responsible for any claims of compensation.
Authors wishing to include figures or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright holder(s) and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
Please include at the end of the acknowledgements a declaration that the experiments comply with the current laws of the country in which they were performed. The editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the abovementioned requirements. The author(s) will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill the above-mentioned requirements.
This title is licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0).
You are free to:
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material.
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
-
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
-
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
-
ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
- You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
- No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
How to Cite
Funding data
-
Wesco Science Foundation
Grant numbers N/A
References
Ayabe, M., Kumahara, H., Yamaguchi-Watanabe, A., Chiba, H., Kobayashi, N., Sakuma, I., & Ishii, K. (2019). Appendicular muscle mass and exercise/sports participation history in young Japanese women. Annals of human biology, 46(4), 335-339. https://doi.org/10.1080/03014460.2019.1641221
Baldan, G. E., & Ozcelik-Ersu, D. (2024). Determination of the relationship between body composition and nutritional habits and chronotype in healthy Turkish adults. Chronobiology international, 41(2), 226-236. https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2024.2305658
Bauman, A., Bull, F., Chey, T., Craig, C. L., Ainsworth, B. E., Sallis, J. F., Bowles, H. R., Hagstromer, M., Sjostrom, M., Pratt, M., & IPS Group (2009). The International Prevalence Study on Physical Activity: results from 20 countries. The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 6, 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-6-21
Crombie, A. P., Ilich, J. Z., Dutton, G. R., Panton, L. B., & Abood, D. A. (2009). The freshman weight gain phenomenon revisited. Nutrition reviews, 67(2), 83-94. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00143.x
Horne, J. A., & Ostberg, O. (1976). A self-assessment questionnaire to determine morningness-eveningness in human circadian rhythms. International journal of chronobiology, 4(2), 97-110. https://doi.org/10.1037/t02254-000
Hower, I. M., Harper, S. A., & Buford, T. W. (2018). Circadian Rhythms, Exercise, and Cardiovascular Health. Journal of circadian rhythms, 16, 7. https://doi.org/10.5334/jcr.164
Huang, W. Y., Feng, J., Zheng, C., Jiao, J., & Wong, S. H. S. (2024). Associations of social jetlag with physical activity and sedentary behaviour in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of sleep research, 33(1), e13997. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.13997
Ishihara, K., Saitoh, T., Inoue, Y., & Miyata, Y. (1984). Validity of the Japanese version of the morningness-eveningness questionnaire. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 59, 863-866. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1984.59.3.863
Kahn, M., Korhonen, T., Leinonen, L., Martinmaki, K., Kuula, L., Pesonen, A. K., & Gradisar, M. (2021). Is It Time We Stop Discouraging Evening Physical Activity? New Real-World Evidence From 150,000 Nights. Frontiers in public health, 9, 772376. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.772376
Komada, Y., Okajima, I., Kitamura, S., & Inoue, Y. (2019). A survey on social jetlag in Japan: a nationwide, cross-sectional Internet survey. Sleep and Biological Rhythms, 17, 417-422. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41105-019-00229-w
Lang, C., Richardson, C., Short, M. A., & Gradisar, M. (2022). Low-intensity scheduled morning exercise for adolescents with a late chronotype: a novel treatment to advance circadian phase?. Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society, 3(1), zpac021. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleepadvances/zpac021
Mazri, F. H., Manaf, Z. A., Shahar, S., & Mat Ludin, A. F. (2019). The Association between Chronotype and Dietary Pattern among Adults: A Scoping Review. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(1), 68. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010068
Nishimura, K., Tamari, Y., Nose, Y., Yamaguchi, H., Onodera, S., & Nagasaki, K. (2023). Effects of Irregular Mealtimes on Social and Eating Jet Lags among Japanese College Students. Nutrients, 15(9), 2128. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15092128
Oshita, K., & Myotsuzono, R. (2021). An association between the physical activity level and skeletal muscle mass index in female university students with a past exercise habituation. Osteoporosis and sarcopenia, 7(4), 146-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afos.2021.10.002
Oshita, K., Myotsuzono, R., & Tashiro, T. (2022). Association between Normal Weight Obesity and Skeletal Muscle Mass Index in Female University Students with Past Exercise Habituation. Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology, 7(4), 92. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk7040092
Oshita, K., Ishihara, Y., Seike, K., & Myotsuzono, R. (2024). Associations of body composition with physical activity, nutritional intake status, and chronotype among female university students in Japan. Journal of physiological anthropology, 43(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-024-00360-9
Richardson, C. E., Gradisar, M., Short, M. A., & Lang, C. (2017). Can exercise regulate the circadian system of adolescents? Novel implications for the treatment of delayed sleep-wake phase disorder. Sleep medicine reviews, 34, 122-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2016.06.010
Roenneberg, T., Kuehnle, T., Pramstaller, P. P., Ricken, J., Havel, M., Guth, A., & Merrow, M. (2004). A marker for the end of adolescence. Current biology : CB, 14(24), R1038-R1039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2004.11.039
Sempere-Rubio, N., Aguas, M., & Faubel, R. (2022). Association between Chronotype, Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour: A Systematic Review. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(15), 9646. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159646
Shibata, M., Fujibayashi, M., Shibata, S., Kuzuhara, K., & Tanida, K. (2024). Association between Social Jetlag and Objective Physical Activity among Female University Students of Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study. Sleep science, 17(2), e151-e156. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1777777
Thomas, J. M., Kern, P. A., Bush, H. M., McQuerry, K. J., Black, W. S., Clasey, J. L., & Pendergast, J. S. (2020). Circadian rhythm phase shifts caused by timed exercise vary with chronotype. JCI insight, 5(3), e134270. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.134270
van der Merwe, C., Münch, M., & Kruger, R. (2022). Chronotype Differences in Body Composition, Dietary Intake and Eating Behavior Outcomes: A Scoping Systematic Review. Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 13(6), 2357-2405. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmac093
Wijayatunga, N. N., & Dhurandhar, E. J. (2021). Normal weight obesity and unaddressed cardiometabolic health risk-a narrative review. International journal of obesity (2005), 45(10), 2141-2155. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-021-00858-7
Winpenny, E. M., Smith, M., Penney, T., Foubister, C., Guagliano, J. M., Love, R., Clifford Astbury, C., van Sluijs, E. M. F., & Corder, K. (2020). Changes in physical activity, diet, and body weight across the education and employment transitions of early adulthood: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 21(4), e12962. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12962