Study of the effect of FTO gene polymorphisms on physical performance indicators and the response to weight loss programs in obese athletes after a period of cessation of training
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Abstract
Introduction. Polymorphisms in the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene, particularly the A allele, are associated with obesity and may reduce responsiveness to exercise programs. Investigating their effect on physical performance and weight loss in obese athletes after training cessation is important for tailoring effective interventions. Aim of Study. To examine the influence of FTO gene polymorphisms on physical performance indicators and weight loss outcomes in obese athletes following an 8–12-week structured training program after a period of inactivity. Material and Methods. Thirty obese Iraqi athletes (20–50 years) were genotyped for the FTO rs9939609 variant (AA, AT, TT) using PCR. Baseline and post-program assessments included body weight, BMI, body fat percentage, VO2max, muscle strength, flexibility, and cardiac recovery rate. The training combined aerobic, resistance, flexibility, and balance exercises. Data were analysed using ANOVA with post hoc tests (p < .05). Results. TT genotype carriers had the greatest reductions in weight (−4.5 kg) and body fat percentage (−4.8%), and the largest improvements in VO2max (+5.3 ml/kg/min), muscle strength (+4.6 kg), flexibility (+3.5 cm), and recovery rate (−12 bpm). AA genotype carriers showed the least improvement across all measures. Conclusions. FTO gene polymorphisms were associated with differential responses to weight loss and performance improvements, with TT carriers exhibiting the most favourable adaptations. Inco (Hashim et al., 2024, pp. 684-692) prorating genetic testing into training design may support the development of more individualized and potentially more effective exercise programs, particularly for individuals carrying the A allele. In practical terms, coaches and clinicians might consider adjusting training intensity and nutrition plans for A-allele carriers, focusing on enhancing metabolic flexibility and satiety signalling. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Samarra, and all participants gave informed consent.
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