Potential of sport and physical activity in academic resilience of university students

Main Article Content

Ana Drobac
https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3616-1986
Vesna Radovanović
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7109-4647
Jasmina Kovačević
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2438-0661

Abstract

Resilience is universally recognized as a strength or asset, representing a desirable and beneficial quality, trait, or process with the potential to positively influence various aspects of an individual's performance, achievement, health, and well-being. This concept holds particular significance in the context of sports. A cross-sectional research was used in this study with efforts to find out whether there are differences in resilience levels among students based on their sports participation and to determine potential socio-demographic factors contributing to academic resilience. The study involved 379 students from several state universities in the Republic of Serbia (76.0% female and 24.0% male), aged 18 to 30 years (M = 21.67 ± 1.98). The Academic Resilience Scale (ARS) was used in the study, as well as a specific questionnaire for the purpose of this research, which contained inquiries about sociodemographic data of respondents and sport engagement. Results indicated that students engaged in sports show greater levels of academic resilience but there were no significant differences among students engaged in different type of sports (individual/group). The average grade of students was statistically significantly correlated with academic resilience levels. These results emphasize the importance of encouraging sports participation among students as a means to enhance both resilience and academic performance.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

Section

Physical Education / Children & Exercise

Author Biographies

Vesna Radovanović, University of Belgrade

Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation.

Jasmina Kovačević, University of Belgrade

Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation.

How to Cite

Drobac, A., Radovanović, V., & Kovačević, J. (2025). Potential of sport and physical activity in academic resilience of university students. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise , 21(1), 70-81. https://doi.org/10.55860/6846hn61

Funding data

References

Abubakar, U., Azli, N. A. S. M., Hashim, I. A., Kamarudin, N. F. A., Latif, N. A. I. A., Badaruddin, A. R. M., ... & Zaidan, N. A. (2021). The relationship between academic resilience and academic performance among pharmacy students. Pharmacy Education, 21, 705-712. doi: https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2021.211.705712

Appleton, J. J., Christenson, S. L., & Furlong, M. J. (2008). Student engagement with school: Critical conceptual and methodological issues of the construct. Psychology in the Schools, 45(5), 369-386. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.20303

Arnold, R., & Fletcher, D. (2021). Stressors, hassles, and adversity. Stress, well-being, and performance in sport, 31-62. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429295874-3

Avila, E. M. C., & Acena, M. Q. (2020). Resiliency of Students with Parents Living in Alternative Family Arrangement. The Asian Journal of Education and Human Development (AJEHD), 1(1). https://doi.org/10.69566/ajehd.v1i1.13

Bas, M., & Gundogdu, C. (2021). Reviewing the psychological resilience levels of the students studying at the faculty of sports sciences in terms of different variables. Age, 20(121), 30-4.

Bingol, E., & Bayansalduz, M. (2016). Evaluating the level of exercise dependence and psychological resilience of athletes from different branches. The Anthropologist, 24(3), 827-835. https://doi.org/10.1080/09720073.2016.11892079

Blanco-García, C., Acebes-Sánchez, J., Rodriguez-Romo, G., & Mon-López, D. (2021). Resilience in sports: Sport type, gender, age and sport level differences. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(15), 8196. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158196

Bloemhoff, H. J. (2006). The effect of an adventure-based recreation programme (ropes course) on the development of resiliency in at-risk adolescent boys confined to a rehabiliation centre. South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation, 28(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.4314/sajrs.v28i1.25927

Boghrabadi, S. G., Arabameri, E., & Sheikh, M. (2015). A comparative study on resiliency and stress coping strategies among individual and team elite athletes and non-athletes. International Journal of Review in Life Sciences, 5(3), 566-572.

Bostani, M., & Saiiari, A. (2011). Comparison emotional intelligence and mental health between athletic and non-athletic students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Science, 30 (29), 2259-2263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.441

Braddock, J. H., Royster, D. A., Winfield, L. F., & Hawkins, R. (1991). Bouncing back: Sports and academic resilience among African-American males. Education and Urban Society, 24(1), 113-131. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013124591024001009

Cassidy, S. (2016). The academic resilience Scale (ARS-30): a new multidimensional construct measure. Frontiers in Psychology, 7: 1787. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01787

Chacón-Cuberos, R., Castro-Sánchez, M., Pérez-Turpin, J. A., Olmedo-Moreno, E. M., & Ortega, F. Z. (2019). Levels of physical activity are associated with the motivational climate and resilience in university students of physical education from Andalucía: an explanatory Model. Frontiers in Psychology, 6(10):1821. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01821

Codonhato, R., Rubio, V., Oliveira, P. M. P., Resende, C. F., Rosa, B. A. M., Pujals, C., & Fiorese, L. (2018). Resilience, stress and injuries in the context of the Brazilian elite rhythmic gymnastics. PloS one, 13(12). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210174

Cohu, E. (2005). Participation in athletics and development of certain traits related to resiliency theory. Doctoral thesis. ProQuest Information & Learning. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 66(11). (2006-99010-173).

Demir, A, & Barut, A. I. (2020). The relationship between university students' psychological resilience and anxiety levels and comparising in terms of physical activity levels gender and academic achievement. Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity, 12(6), 75-83.

Durand-Bush, N., Baker, J., van den Berg, F., Richard, V., & Bloom, G. A. (2023). The gold medal profile for sport psychology (GMP-SP). Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 35(4), 547-570. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2022.2055224

Fallon, C. M. (2010). School factor that promote academic resillience in urban Latino high school students. Doctoral dissertation. 122. Retrieved from [Accessed 2025, 16 September]: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss/122/

Fletcher, D., & Sarkar, M. (2012). A grounded theory of psychological resilience in Olympic champions. Psychology of sport and exercise, 13(5), 669-678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.04.007

Galli, N., & Gonzalez, S. P. (2015). Psychological resilience in sport: A review of the literature and implications for research and practice. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 13(3), 243-257. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2014.946947

Getzel, E., Stodden, R., & Brief, L. (2001). Pursuing postsecondary education opportunities for individuals with disabilities. In P. Wehman (ed.), Life beyond the classroom: Transition strategies for young people with disabilities. Baltimore, MD: Broodes Publishing.

Gupta, S., & McCarthy, P. J. (2022). The sporting resilience model: A systematic review of resilience in sport performers. Frontiers in Psychology, 21 (13): 1003053. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1003053

Hill, Y., Meijer, R. R., Van Yperen, N. W., Michelakis, G., Barisch, S., & Den Hartigh, R. J. (2021). Nonergodicity in protective factors of resilience in athletes. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 10 (2), 217-223. https://doi.org/10.1037/spy0000246

Hunter, M. S., Keup, J. R., Kinzie, J., & Maietta, H. (2012). The senior year: Culminating experiences and transitions. University of South Carolina.

Khoroshikh, V.V., & Andreeva, O.M. (2019). The psychological well-being of students living in dormitory housing. Герценовские чтения: психологические исследования в образовании, (2), 327-336. https://doi.org/10.33910/herzenpsyconf-2019-2-40

Kuh, G. D. (2001). The National Survey of Student Engagement: Conceptual framework and overview of psychometric properties.

Kuh, G. D. (2009). The national survey of student engagement: Conceptual and empirical foundations. New directions for institutional research, 141, 5-20. https://doi.org/10.1002/ir.283

Lipowski, M., Lipowska, M., Jochimek, M., & Krokosz, D. (2015). Resiliency as a factor protecting youths from risky behaviour: Moderating effects of gender and sport. European Journal of Sport Science, 16(2), 246-255. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2015.1024755

Maroco, J., Maroco, A. L., Campos, J. A. D. B., & Fredricks, J. A. (2016). University student's engagement: development of the University Student Engagement Inventory (USEI). Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-016-0042-8

Martin, A. J., & Marsh, H. W. (2009). Academic resilience and academic buoyancy: Multidimensional and hierarchical conceptual framing of causes, correlates and cognate constructs. Oxford Review of Education, 35(3), 353-370. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054980902934639

Molla, S. (2022). Help-seeking behavior, belief in counseling service effectiveness and academic self-concept of college students. Cogent Education, 9(1), 2142458. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2022.2142458

Nam, S. K., Chu, H. J., Lee, M. K., Lee, J. H., Kim, N., & Lee, S. M. (2010). A meta-analysis of gender differences in attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help. Journal of American college health, 59(2), 110-116. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2010.483714

Onturk, Y., Efek, E., & Yildiz, M. (2020). Investigating the Psychological Resilience of Students in Sports Sciences Faculty. International Journal of Educational Methodology, 6(2), 393-403. https://doi.org/10.12973/ijem.6.2.393

Pritchard, M., & Wilson, G. (2005). Comparing sources of stress in college student athletes and non-athletes. Athletic Insight: The Online Journal of Sports Psychology, 5(1), 1-8.

Radovanović, V., Radić Šestić, M., Drobac, A., Mijatović, S. (2020). The comparison of resiliency levels of deaf and hard of hearing adolescents and their typically developing peers. In G. Nedović, & F. Eminović (Eds), Approaches and models in special education and rehabilitation (pp. 305-314). University of Belgrade - Faculty of special education and rehabilitation.

Román-Mata, S. S., Puertas-Molero, P., Ubago-Jiménez, J. L., González-Valero, G. (2020). Benefits of physical activity and its associations with resilience, emotional intelligence, and psychological distress in university students from Southern Spain. International Journal of Environmental Research of Public Health, 17(12):4474. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124474

Sarkar, M. (2017). Psychological resilience: Definitional advancement and research developments in elite sport. International journal of stress prevention and wellbeing, 1(3), 1-4.

Sarkar, M., & Fletcher, D. (2014). Psychological resilience in sport performers: a review of stressors and protective factors. Journal of sports sciences, 32(15), 1419-1434. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.901551

Shehu, J. & Mokgwathi, M. M. (2008). Health locus of control and internal resilience factors among adolescents in Botswana: a case-control study with implications for physical education. South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation, 30(2), 95-105. https://doi.org/10.4314/sajrs.v30i2.25992

Togo, O. T., Caz, C., & Kayhan, R. F. (2018). The relationship between resilience and constant hope in students studying sports science. European Journal of Educational Research, 6(4), 583-589. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.7.3.583

Tope-Banjoko, T., Davis, V., Morrison, K., Fife, J., Hill, O., & Talley, C. (2020). Academic resilience in college students: Relationship between coping and GPA. Anatolian Journal of Education, 5(2), 109-120. https://doi.org/10.29333/aje.2020.529a

Tudor, K. E., Spray, C. M. (2018). Approaches to measuring academic resilience: A systematic review. International Journal of Research Studies in Education 7(4), 41-61. https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrse.2017.1880

WHO (2020). WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Retrieved from [Accessed 2024, 3 February]: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/336656/9789240015128-eng.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1

Wiedenman, E. M., Kruse-Diehr, A. J., Bice, M. R., McDaniel, J., Wallace, J. P., & Partridge, J. A. (2023). The role of sport participation on exercise self-efficacy, psychological need satisfaction, and resilience among college freshmen. Journal of American College Health, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2023.2177817

Xia, B. Ma, Z. C. & Hu, Y. Y. (2020). Research on the relationship between physical exercise, psychological flexibility and positive emotion of college students based on computer mathematical model. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1578, 012009. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1578/1/012009

Xu, J.,& Yang, X. (2024). The influence of resilience on stress reaction of college students during COVID-19: the mediating role of coping style and positive adaptive response. Current Psychology, 43, 12120-12131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-04214-4

Xu, S., Liu, Z., Tian, S., Ma, Z., Jia, C., & Sun, G. (2021). Physical activity and resilience among college students: the mediating effects of basic psychological needs. International Journal of Environmental Research of Public Health, 18(7): 3722. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073722

Yaure, R. G., Murowchick, E., Schwab, J. E., & Jacobson-McConnell, L. (2020). How grit and resilience predict successful academic performance. Journal of Access, Retention, and Inclusion in Higher Education, 3(1), 6.

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.