Training and detraining ratios Optimizing exercise adherence in older adults
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Abstract
Multicomponent training (MCT) has been shown to be beneficial, but more in-depth dose-response analyses are needed, especially in the long-term, due to low adherence and high heterogeneity among older adults (OA). This study aimed to develop an index to quantify and compare changes following training and detraining, regardless of adherence or follow-up length. This longitudinal, quasi-experimental study included 47 OA who completed one year of a MCT, with 25 continuing for a second year. To assess the impact of the intervention, Daily Training and Daily Detraining Ratios (DTR & DDR), defined as pre-post changes divided by training or detraining days, were used to analyse trainability in strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, agility, and executive function. Both ratios were converted into z-scores and graphically plotted. Considering the number of days trained and detrained, both physical and cognitive function improved significantly. Strength and cardiorespiratory fitness worsen largely during the second detraining, whilst agility declined more steadily. Inhibition remained stable or even improved during detraining. Noteworthy, physical function was more sensitive to training and detraining than executive function, and mobility enhancements confirmed helping to maintain cognition. Standardization and homogenization address adherence issues and allow comparisons of exercise programs that differ in nature and duration.
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